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Arq. bras. cardiol ; 105(1): 37-44, July 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-755001

ABSTRACT

Background:

The risk factors that characterize metabolic syndrome (MetS) may be present in childhood and adolescence, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood.

Objective:

Evaluate the prevalence of MetS and the importance of its associated variables, including insulin resistance (IR), in children and adolescents in the city of Guabiruba-SC, Brazil.

Methods:

Cross-sectional study with 1011 students (6–14 years, 52.4% girls, 58.5% children). Blood samples were collected for measurement of biochemical parameters by routine laboratory methods. IR was estimated by the HOMA-IR index, and weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure were determined. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between risk variables and MetS.

Results:

The prevalence of MetS, IR, overweight and obesity in the cohort were 14%, 8.5%, 21% and 13%, respectively. Among students with MetS, 27% had IR, 33% were overweight, 45.5% were obese and 22% were eutrophic. IR was more common in overweight (48%) and obese (41%) students when compared with eutrophic individuals (11%; p = 0.034). The variables with greatest influence on the development of MetS were obesity (OR = 32.7), overweight (OR = 6.1), IR (OR = 4.4; p ≤ 0.0001 for all) and age (OR = 1.15; p = 0.014).

Conclusion:

There was a high prevalence of MetS in children and adolescents evaluated in this study. Students who were obese, overweight or insulin resistant had higher chances of developing the syndrome.

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Fundamento:

Os fatores de risco que caracterizam a síndrome metabólica (SM) podem estar presentes na infância e adolescência, agravando o risco para as doenças cardiovasculares na idade adulta.

Objetivo:

Verificar a prevalência de SM e a importância de suas variáveis associadas, incluindo resistência à insulina (RI), em crianças e adolescentes do município de Guabiruba-SC, Brasil.

Métodos:

Estudo transversal realizado com 1011 estudantes (6–14 anos; 52,4% meninas; 58,5% crianças). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para as medidas de parâmetros bioquímicos por métodos laboratoriais de rotina. A RI foi estabelecida pelo índice HOMA-IR e foram aferidos o peso, a altura, a circunferência da cintura e a pressão arterial. Modelos de regressão logística multivariada foram usados para examinar associações entre as variáveis de risco e a SM.

Resultados:

Na população avaliada, as prevalências de SM, RI, sobrepeso e obesidade foram de 14%, 8,5%, 21% e 13%, respectivamente. Dentre os estudantes com SM, 27% tinham RI, 33% apresentavam sobrepeso, 45,5% eram obesos e 22% eutróficos. A RI foi mais frequente nos estudantes com sobrepeso (48%) e obesos (41%) em comparação aos indivíduos eutróficos (11%; p = 0,034). As variáveis com maior influência para o desenvolvimento da SM foram a obesidade (OR = 32,7), o sobrepeso (OR= 6,1), a RI (OR = 4,4; p ≤ 0,0001 para todos) e a idade (OR = 1,15; p = 0,014).

Conclusão:

Foi observada elevada prevalência de SM nas crianças e adolescentes avaliados. Estudantes obesos, com sobrepeso ou resistentes à insulina tiveram maiores chances de desenvolver a síndrome.

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Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Age Factors , Blood Pressure , Body Size , Brazil/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Epidemiologic Studies , Insulin Resistance , Insulin/blood , Risk Factors , Sex Factors
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